Search results for " tumors."

Arginase induction represses gall development during clubroot infection in Arabidopsis.

2012

Arginase induction can play a defensive role through the reduction of arginine availability for phytophageous insects. Arginase activity is also induced during gall growth caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana; however, its possible role in this context has been unclear. We report here that the mutation of the arginase-encoding gene ARGAH2 abrogates clubroot-induced arginase activity and results in enhanced gall size in infected roots, suggesting that arginase plays a defensive role. Induction of arginase activity in infected roots was impaired in the jar1 mutant, highlighting a link between the arginase response to clubroot and jasmonate signaling. C…

Erratum to “Gastric and Rectal Metastases from Malignant Melanoma Presenting with Hypochromic Anemia and Treated with Immunotherapy”

2018

Cognate HLA absence in trans diminishes human NK cell education

2016

NK cells are innate lymphocytes with protective functions against viral infections and tumor formation. Human NK cells carry inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which recognize distinct HLAs. NK cells with KIRs for self-HLA molecules acquire superior cytotoxicity against HLA– tumor cells during education for improved missing-self recognition. Here, we reconstituted mice with human hematopoietic cells from donors with homozygous KIR ligands or with a mix of hematopoietic cells from these homozygous donors, allowing assessment of the resulting KIR repertoire and NK cell education. We found that co-reconstitution with 2 KIR ligand–mismatched compartments did not alter the frequenc…

Assessment of tumor-infiltrating TCRV γ 9V δ 2 γδ lymphocyte abundance by deconvolution of human cancers microarrays

2017

Most human blood γδ cells are cytolytic TCRVγ9Vδ2+lymphocytes with antitumor activity. They are currently investigated in several clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy but so far, their tumor infiltration has not been systematically explored across human cancers. Novel algorithms allowing the deconvolution of bulk tumor transcriptomes to find the relative proportions of infiltrating leucocytes, such as CIBERSORT, should be appropriate for this aim but in practice they fail to accurately recognize γδ T lymphocytes. Here, by implementing machine learning from microarray data, we first improved the computational identification of blood-derived TCRVγ9Vδ2+γδ lymphocytes and then appl…

Tumor-priming converts NK cells to memory-like NK cells

2017

Fascinating earlier evidence suggests an intrinsic capacity of human natural killer (NK) cells to acquire adaptive immune features in the context of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation. Since the role of memory NK cells in cancer has so far remained elusive and adoptive NK cell transfer in relapsing pediatric acute B cell precursor leukemia (BCP-ALL) patients awaits improvement, we asked the question whether tumor-priming could promote the generation of memory NK cells with enhanced graft-vs.-leukemia (GvL) reactivity. Here, we provide substantial evidence that priming of naive human NK cells with pediatric acute B cell leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia…

Detection of circulating miRNAs: comparative analysis of extracellular vesicle-incorporated miRNAs and cell-free miRNAs in whole plasma of prostate c…

2017

Abstract Background Circulating cell-free miRNAs have emerged as promising minimally-invasive biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and monitoring of cancer. They can exist in the bloodstream incorporated into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and ribonucleoprotein complexes. However, it is still debated if EVs contain biologically meaningful amounts of miRNAs and may provide a better source of miRNA biomarkers than whole plasma. The aim of this study was to systematically compare the diagnostic potential of prostate cancer-associated miRNAs in whole plasma and in plasma EVs. Methods RNA was isolated from whole plasma and plasma EV samples from a well characterised cohort of 50 patient with …

Malignant PEComa With Metastatic Disease at Diagnosis and Resistance to Several Chemotherapy Regimens and Targeted Therapy (m-TOR Inhibitor).

2017

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are infrequent neoplasms with peculiar myomelanocytic differentiation. The aggressive abdominopelvic variant is rare, with only a small number of published cases. We present an additional case of this unusual variant, which showed an aggressive histologic and clinical behavior with multiple liver metastases and resistance to several therapies. We also discuss the histological and immunohistochemical profiles as well as the differential diagnosis.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Vulva: Report of 2 Cases, Including a De Novo Dedifferentiated Solitary Fibrous Tumor Diagnosed After Molecular Demonst…

2018

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a neoplasm of fibroblastic lineage that has been documented in almost every anatomic location. Vulval SFT is very rare with only 10 cases reported to date. We present 2 additional SFTs located in the vulva, in adult women of 59 and 25 yr of age. The first showed a classic morphology and immunophenotype with uniform and strong STAT6 nuclear expression. The other one was a spindle-cell de novo dedifferentiated SFT with heterogeneous nuclear and cytoplasmic STAT6 staining, which could only be correctly diagnosed after molecular analysis with demonstration of a NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion. This genetic aberration is considered to represent the major pathogenic driver …

Lack of association between screening interval and cancer stage in Lynch syndrome may be accounted for by over-diagnosis; a prospective Lynch syndrom…

2019

Background Recent epidemiological evidence shows that colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to occur in carriers of pathogenic mismatch repair (path_MMR) variants despite frequent colonoscopy surveillance in expert centres. This observation conflicts with the paradigm that removal of all visible polyps should prevent the vast majority of CRC in path_MMR carriers, provided the screening interval is sufficiently short and colonoscopic practice is optimal. Methods To inform the debate, we examined, in the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD), whether the time since last colonoscopy was associated with the pathological stage at which CRC was diagnosed during prospective surveillance. Path_MMR…

Relevance of 3d culture systems to study osteosarcoma environment

2018

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, which preferentially develops lung metastasis. Although standard chemotherapy has significantly improved long-term survival over the past few decades, the outcome for patients with metastatic or recurrent OS remains dramatically poor. Novel therapies are therefore required to slow progression and eradicate the disease. Furthermore, to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for OS onset and progression, the development of novel predictive culture systems resembling the native three-dimensional (3D) tumor microenvironment are mandatory. ‘Tumor engineering’ approaches radically changed t…